Personal Development and Study Skills Free Essay Example, 1500 words

That is why division of labour came to exist in the first place. Every member of a society specializes in producing something that they are skilled at then depend on others for what they cannot produce. This dependence came to existence when people started producing things in surplus, more than what they need so they chose to share it with others (Fortin 2008, p. 885). As time went by, it became harder to find traders who want to trade with some certain products since they became uninterested in what some of these traders produced. That is when money came into play. Money permitted merchants to prolong the buying part of the trade by allowing them to postpone usage till he finds products, which he or she wants or needs. Money allows a producer to use only later that which he or she wants or needs (Fortin 2008, p. 886). If we come up with a wide definition of money, then it is something that is generally endorsed as payment of goods or services. It is basically an exchange medium. Th e capacity of money to circulate among vast geographical regions and large multitude of people implies that it is normally utilised through issuing powers and promote themselves, their aim and values. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Development and Study Skills or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Money can echo issues of personal appearance, strength of empire, religious belief and/or even re-enforce pledges made to a populace. It is significant to look into actual life events in order to note the power money has over people (Gbadamosi & Joubert 2005, p. 761). For example, an average â€Å"B† secondary school student normally faces a much more difficult time getting into a good university compared to a child from a wealthy family (Fortin 2008, p. 886). When money comes into play, every student who comes from a rich background all they need to do is maintain an average grade. Having money allows them to work less hard, but they still succeed in life, normally because they are granted a much higher position to start due to references from their acquaintances or alumnae of the university. Power and money do not only apply to college students. Also, children from wealthy families find is much easier to get good grades because maybe their parents can afford getting good educators who know the value of education in someone’s life (Gbadamosi & Joubert 2005, p. 762). Most probably, such children are bought for encyclopedias, computers and other significant tools that make it much easier for them to achieve higher grades. In major cities the United States and also the United Kingdom, safety is one of the biggest factors when it comes to peoples’ lifestyles.

Analysis Mind Maps And Work Flow Diagrams - 985 Words

2.3 Level 2- Mind Maps and Work Flow Diagrams Description Mind Maps or Workflow Diagrams have been produced to provide visual aids to support the stage deliverables and work processes. The Workflow Diagrams are designed to give a stepwise approach to navigation through the Work Processes and consist of sequential blocks of activities and milestones linked in a logical format. This provides a quick and easy reference. 2.4 Level 3- Single Page Description: Each element or deliverable listed in the Project Implementation Model Mind Maps is further defined on Single Pages. Single Pages include the following: †¢ Defines the element and the reason (objective) for developing the element †¢ Lists key assumptions †¢ Specifies the action to be taken to develop the element and by whom †¢ Lists the key performance indicators †¢ Specifies the inputs that are prerequisites for developing the element †¢ Specifies the deliverables resulting from the element †¢ Identifies the key stakeholders and responsibilities †¢ References the standards, procedures, checklists, and documents that pertain to the element †¢ References lessons learned / best practices that have a bearing on the element 2.5 Level 4- Standard and Procedures Description: †¢ Groupings of standards applicable to projects †¢ Standards and Manuals are statements of must do expectations. †¢ Procedures establish a method of performing work. They describe who does what and when. †¢ Work Practices are instructions that aid companyShow MoreRelatedBlock Diagram Of Proposed System1411 Words   |  6 PagesIV. 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The purpose of this modeling is not only to understand the business process that is used, but also to show the inconsistencies that were identifiedRead MoreDefining The Overall Requirements For Social Networking Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pagestraffic in net that making chaotic situation and long time to access. †¢ Unavailability of simplicity through which one can communicate. †¢ In this online world where everyone wants to connect, so that one can better coordinate with other any make work easy with enjoyment and full of joy. 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Through detailed investigations of design and taking on Robin Kinross (1985), claims that the distinction between design for information and design for persuasion â€Å"cannot be a clear one† this work will explore the possibilitiesRead MoreAdvanced Professional Development21653 Words   |  87 PagesManagement Styles 30 Professional Bodies 35 Chairing Meetings 36 Effective Presentations 38 Time Management 43 Problem Solving 46 Mind Maps 49 Drill Down 52 Decision Trees 54 Thinking Hats 60 Cost Benefit Analysis 65 Part 2 – Personal Skills Audit 69 Interpersonal Skills 70 Multi-tasking 73 Learning Styles 77 Basic Management Skills Audit 95

Did the Arabs Injustice Huntington Free Essays

Samuel Huntington is the author of the article entitled â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations? † which discusses or narrates concepts that explicates world politics. According to Huntington, international conflicts that concerns politics may be justified by rational arguments or issues that are left unresolved. However, Huntington reiterates that these particular conflicts are founded on underlying issues or matters that naturally lead to political conflicts – that is culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Did the Arabs Injustice Huntington? or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Huntington, culture is threatening to divide nations instead of leading the way to support unity and oneness in handling international problems or issues, since culture is the primary source of irreconcilable differences and conflicts that do not provide opportunities for nations to meet in middle ground. As a means of representing concrete structures of culture, Huntingon has labeled seven civilizations being the Confucian, Hindu, Islamic, Japanese, Latin American, Slavic-Orthodox, and Western. One may notice that Huntington left out the African populace as one of the identified civilizations. This is because Huntington was unsure about the state of the African nation, that is, whether it meets the standards and guidelines of development that is attributed to a mindful and responsive civilization. The classification of Huntington of the world population into civilizations was primary influenced by prominent religious affiliations that are a major identifier of culture. Personally, I would have to agree with Huntington on this matter, since I sincerely believe that cultural affiliations among individuals are largely influenced by the religious beliefs that they share. Huntington believes that the strong ties of individuals to their culture and religion which grants them a sense of self or identity as an individual and as a nation, is difficult to break apart when it comes to promoting rational politics and relations that necessitates the disregard of personal worldviews as directed by a civilization’s culture. However, Huntington’s establishment of seven civilizations has also been a source of contradicting information that he has presented in his article since the classification of civilizations is complicated and inconsistent. Moreover, Huntington mentioned that differences between people, as supported by his theory of the seven civilizations in the world, do not necessarily mean that there will be conflict, and conflict does not necessarily mean that it will lead to violence. However, the gist of Huntington’s article clearly displays how differences, particularly in culture and religion, is the primary cause of conflict and violence around the world as he studied the Cold War and the succeeding world events after it. These contradicting thoughts that Huntington shared in his work, he also contradicted by stating how culture and religion are two important factors in promoting unity. In this case, Huntington mentioned how non-Arab Muslims were able to unite as one despite differences of culture and religion and through shared culture and religion. Upon the establishment of the seven civilizations, Huntington continued to discuss various historical evidences that support his claim. This particular issue led to the discussion of the politics between the Arabs and the West which raised violent reactions from the former. Huntington wrote that at present time, the major players in world politics are the West and the Arab nation. Despite internal clashes between different factions or minority groups within the Arab nations, Huntington believes that in the end, it will still find a way to reconcile differences among them and be counter-reactive to the West. Although the statements of Huntington caused a stir within the Arab nation, I believe that Huntington was not pressing violent, hateful, derogatory, or discriminatory issues against the Arab nation. Huntington magnified his discussion on the issue between the Arabs and the West since it is the current international issue or problem – the power struggle between the two civilizations which people often hear in the news. Although majority of Huntington’s arguments were based on theories, I believe that everything he said were reflective of the current situations, straying away from the assumption that he wrote the article to present his prejudiced or biased sentiments against the Arab nation. His article was based on decades of historical evidences that created an obvious pattern relaying motivations of war in the past, which was further supported by the 9/11 incident that led to the destruction of the Twin Towers in New York. Huntington was simply observant and articulates enough to present a logical explanation of countless conflicts between nations, which may or may not have some truth to it. Frankly, I believe that major truths are embedded within theories, especially those that lend themselves to conspiratorial issues. Setting my personal opinions aside, Huntington’s criticisms of other civilization validates the fact that he was not anti-Arab, but simple a man who wanted to illustrate world politics under a cultural context. Huntington criticized the immorality and hypocrisy of the West, stating how the Western civilization has achieved its superiority over other civilizations due to its mindful submission to organized violence in order to achieve its goals and objectives. Moreover, Huntington reiterates that the West does not promote universalism but rather act for world domination. Moreover, Huntington believes that Christian views which originated from the West could not have influenced numerous people around the world if Christians had not come into contact with individuals from the East. Huntington then criticized Western Christianity; and then continued to criticize Western Europe. According to Huntington, some of the concepts of politics and economics claimed by the Western Civilization, particularly Western Europe, did not actually originate from it but from non-Western civilizations in other parts of the world. In general, Huntington’s article was a seemingly balanced representation of his theories on how international conflicts, then and now, were products of cultural and religious differences. The criticisms he posed were not one-sided, attacking the Middle East or the West, or any other civilization for that matter, solely. In fact, Huntington’s theories were open discussions and arguments about the Arab and Western perspectives. Huntington acknowledged how the West is trying to portray a super power estate that works to promote unity, solidarity, democracy, diplomacy, peace, and such. This, he identified as the Western perspective. However, Huntington argued that the West’s interests are politically motivated, geared toward staying in power and obtaining control of the majority populations. On one hand, Huntington discussed how the Arab populations are trying to overthrow the influence of the West in their land, moving them to resort to threats and violence toward non-Arab and Western nations. For Huntington, the Arab perspective is just patterned after the â€Å"us-versus-them† mentality. How to cite Did the Arabs Injustice Huntington?, Papers

Leadership And Management of PURA Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership And Management of PURA. Answer: Introduction The PURA is a leading civil engineering firm that has been in the business for almost 30 years in Brisbane. The company has two multi story office sites with the 18 staff member. PURA software development team has become increasingly profitable part of the organization over the last few years. Hence, the board of PURA have decided to spin-off the work unit as a whole, and establish it as a stand-alone business entity named "PURA-IT". Summary of the Change That Is To Occur The Board has made few strategic decisions for new work environment of PURA-IT. The team has to work from the new site instead of home office, the staffs has to sign the new employment contract for only 12 months, not a permanent employee status that they currently have. However the staff entitlements and employment accruals will carry over to new organisation. The staff in the software development team will have a choice to move to the PURA-IT, or remain with PURA and be redeployed to another department. Identify the needs of affected groups (both internal and external to the work team) and general concerns of the team The stakeholder analysis helps in identifying the internal and external stakeholder and their direct or indirect impact of the change (Reed et. al., 2009). The affected groups (both internal and external) of the organisation are: Some of the needs and concerns have been identified during the group meeting are listed below: Concerns of PURA Engineering employees The employees of PURA software have the fixed work time practices and formal attire as of PURA software development team therefore some friction is identified amongst employees. Concerns and needs of PURA-IT employees in adapting new work environment and practices Job Insecurity changing the employment conditions from permanent to contact of 12 months. Work practices - changing the work practices, work allocation and work environment such as no more job sharing, work from home, no flexible hours and time off in lieu, work from home, and casual work attire. Moving to the new location, adjustments psychologically in new work environment. Need to start working from new location in 10 days Risk management Review therisk management approaches for this type of change, including the need for any adaptations to the standard operating procedures. Every change is subjected to risk, the risk assessment on the change process in PURA-IT helps in identifying the potential risk/ barrier and its impact on the performance of the organisation. The mitigation strategy such as training plan and communication plan must be designed accordingly to mitigate or eliminate the risk (Saunders, Allen, 2010). Risk Management Plan Risk/ Barriers Impact Strategy Insecurity of losing job after 12 months High Communication Plan Not accepting the contract status High Communication Plan Failure of adjustments in new work environment and work practices High Communication Plan and Training Plan Resistance in revised policies procedures High Communication Plan Feeling less secure working for small organisation High Communication Plan and Training Plan Not motivated and productive for the new company High Communication Plan and Training Plan In order to ensure the change will not have the great impact on the performance of the company. The Risk Management model (appendix A), should be adopted within the organisation. It signifies the importance of the consultation, communication and inclusivity of all the staff members to assist in identifying, asses, and control the risk and its impact on the organisation (Goh, Lim, Meng, 2007). Standard operating procedure Standard operating procedure (SOP) are the written instructions intended to document how to perform a routine activity (Study.com). SOPs are policies, procedures and standards you need in the operations and administration disciplines within your business to ensure success (Moquet, Barnard, HornHPA, 2011). The adaption to the standard operating procedure in PURA-IT is needed to formulate the quality, consistency and reliability in operations, product delivery and services. Conclusion and Recommendations Review and describe improvements or ideas the team has put forward, particularly as concerns the policy and procedures for the new entity, new technologies that could be useful and feedback about workspace and work environment creation. There were some resistance amongst employees on the policies and procedures especially with flexible work practices and causal staff attire. The group meeting held up for explaining the purpose of change in work practice in order to minimise the friction between the external staff of PURA-IT. The meeting also explains the importance of making the consistent policies and procedures throughout the PURA Engineering and PURA-IT. However the work life balance policy offers the employee some flexibility and creates a balance in home and office (Wiese, 2015). Moreover, the team has provided their valuable inputs and suggestions on policies and procedures like making casual attire on Fridays. As a part of change, staffs have recommended, the new technologies, for instance; large touch screens and other device in common area etc., may be added into the PURA-IT office in order to improve the team workflow. The workspace have not been yet fitted out, the team has come up with some innovative ideas for the layout of the new office. They also have drawn their performance KPI in conjunction with the team manager (Baars, 2007). Consequently ,staff is agreed on the revised set of policies, procedures work practices and fully motivated and excited to start the operation from the new office for 12months and confident to make PURA-IT the cohesive team . The staffs are aiming to make the company and the leading software development company. The decision and process to be used in managing are: Training Plan Organizational Change based on Teamwork Resistance Creating Commitment from Employees Incentives Organizational Development and Change through a Teamwork Perspective: Accepting shared purpose and responsibility for interdependent tasks enhances coordination, commitment, and creativity and supports outstanding performance. The improvement is 1) Work team: Sharing responsibilities, developing various skills where motivation and quality are enhanced. 2) Product development team: Speed to market innovation is enhanced while costs involved and rework is decreased. 3) Problem-solving team: Bringing employees from multiple functions, problems affiliated with cross-functional interactions can be addressed.4)Project management team: Multiple functions of the value chain are related in order to improved quality, coordination and customer satisfaction. We focus on behaviors and typically involve role-playing and feedback. Allows to model the behaviors the organization is seeking to have from their employees. Occurs in a protected environment, allowing employees to experiment with new behaviors. These changes will assist me because to help makes the performance better. I believe that the effect on the business and my colleagues can be accommodated by improving that. I am happy to discuss this matter at a time that is convenient. I am willing to discuss possible alternatives to the arrangements I have outlined and I am also willing to work with you to make sure that this arrangement works eectively for both the business and me. Yours sincerely, PURA-IT Team leader Sira Pakpiromdee References Baars, B.J., 2007. The global workspace theory of consciousness.The Blackwell companion to consciousness, pp.227-242. Goh, M., Lim, J.Y. and Meng, F., 2007. A stochastic model for risk management in global supply chain networks.European Journal of Operational Research,182(1), pp.164-173. Reed, M.S., Graves, A., Dandy, N., Posthumus, H., Hubacek, K., Morris, J., Prell, C., Quinn, C.H. and Stringer, L.C., 2009. Who's in and why? A typology of stakeholder analysis methods fornatural resource management.Journal of environmental management,90(5), pp.1933-1949. Saunders, A. and Allen, L., 2010.Credit risk management in and out of the financial crisis: new approaches to value at risk and other paradigms(Vol. 528). John Wiley Sons. This, S.O.P., Moquet, J., Barnard, S. and HornHPA, S., 2011. Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Wiese, B.S., 2015. Work-life-balance. InWirtschaftspsychologie(pp. 227-244). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Character Essay After Reading Arthur Millers Play A View From The Brid

Character Essay After reading Arthur Miller's play "A view from the bridge," I am convinced that the most striking character is Marco. He is an Italian immigrant that moved illegally to the United States with his brother Rodolpho to work as longshoremen, since at the time (the play was written in 1955) his country of origin, Italy, was going through a major economic depression because of the outcome of World War II. In the play, we are told that Marco's plan is to make enough money to survive and be able to send some of that money to his wife and his three kids back in Italy, who are starving. Marco physically resembles the Sicilian stereotype, with dark skin and dark hair. He is also very strong and he could easily "load the whole ship by himself."(pg.541) In this play, the author uses plot, dialog, actions and symbolism to emphasize Marco's honor which, in my opinion, is his prominent characteristic. Throughout the play, we can clearly see that the plot helps us develop Ma rco's character in our imagination. For example, he is an illegal alien, and this might give the reader a less honorable view of him, and it might justify Eddie's action. But the fact that Marco left his family to give them support and to save his oldest son who is "sick in the chest," (pg. 535) makes the reader forget about his illegal stay and makes his status rise to the one of a hero. In this play, Marco's actions lead us to the discovery of a violent side which he uses to defend his honor in a number of occasions. For example, when he challenges Eddie to lift the chair at the end of the first act, we understand that he did it to save his brother's face and his family's honor. In addition, the killing of Eddie by Marco's own hands at the end of the play, is the final display of his character. Marco's character is definitely expressed more by his actions than by his words. He is very strong, and he is obviously aware of that, but doesn't like to show it in words, or brag about i t. In fact, when Eddie was making fun of his brother Rodolpho, instead of replying to him in words, he chose to use his strenght to get his point across by lifting the chair. In addition, Marco doesn't talk about his family much; instead, he works as hard as he can, and that is enough to show everybody how much he cares about them. As a final insult to Eddie, Marco chooses to spit in his face in front of everybody. This is because in the Italian culture, that act is considered as an extreme expression of anger toward a person, and it is rarely left without punishment. In addition, the action of going to the church before facing Eddie shows us that he is very religious and cares about his soul. Marco is a very honorable man and believes in his tradition, and the author shows us that through a number of symbols. For example, spitting on Eddie's face once he realizes that Eddie turned him and his brother to the police is a symbol of disgust and revolt for Eddie's actions. In addition , at the end of the play, we are told that Marco went to church before going to talk to Eddie. This action tells us that Marco is ready to give up his life and commit a mortal sin to defend his honor, because what Eddie has done, the breaking of the "omerta'", the breaking of trust, is something that in his culture must never be left unpunished. Throughout the first act of the play, Marco is only referred as a flat character and the only time we are really aware his persona and his strength is at the end of the first act, when he lifts a chair over his head and makes it seem like a challenge to Eddie, as a response for mocking Rodolpho. But only in the second act his character is fully exposed and we see his image transform into a round character. In this play, Marco is Character Essay After Reading Arthur Millers Play A View From The Brid Character Essay After reading Arthur Miller's play "A view from the bridge," I am convinced that the most striking character is Marco. He is an Italian immigrant that moved illegally to the United States with his brother Rodolpho to work as longshoremen, since at the time (the play was written in 1955) his country of origin, Italy, was going through a major economic depression because of the outcome of World War II. In the play, we are told that Marco's plan is to make enough money to survive and be able to send some of that money to his wife and his three kids back in Italy, who are starving. Marco physically resembles the Sicilian stereotype, with dark skin and dark hair. He is also very strong and he could easily "load the whole ship by himself."(pg.541) In this play, the author uses plot, dialog, actions and symbolism to emphasize Marco's honor which, in my opinion, is his prominent characteristic. Throughout the play, we can clearly see that the plot helps us develop Ma rco's character in our imagination. For example, he is an illegal alien, and this might give the reader a less honorable view of him, and it might justify Eddie's action. But the fact that Marco left his family to give them support and to save his oldest son who is "sick in the chest," (pg. 535) makes the reader forget about his illegal stay and makes his status rise to the one of a hero. In this play, Marco's actions lead us to the discovery of a violent side which he uses to defend his honor in a number of occasions. For example, when he challenges Eddie to lift the chair at the end of the first act, we understand that he did it to save his brother's face and his family's honor. In addition, the killing of Eddie by Marco's own hands at the end of the play, is the final display of his character. Marco's character is definitely expressed more by his actions than by his words. He is very strong, and he is obviously aware of that, but doesn't like to show it in words, or brag about i t. In fact, when Eddie was making fun of his brother Rodolpho, instead of replying to him in words, he chose to use his strenght to get his point across by lifting the chair. In addition, Marco doesn't talk about his family much; instead, he works as hard as he can, and that is enough to show everybody how much he cares about them. As a final insult to Eddie, Marco chooses to spit in his face in front of everybody. This is because in the Italian culture, that act is considered as an extreme expression of anger toward a person, and it is rarely left without punishment. In addition, the action of going to the church before facing Eddie shows us that he is very religious and cares about his soul. Marco is a very honorable man and believes in his tradition, and the author shows us that through a number of symbols. For example, spitting on Eddie's face once he realizes that Eddie turned him and his brother to the police is a symbol of disgust and revolt for Eddie's actions. In addition , at the end of the play, we are told that Marco went to church before going to talk to Eddie. This action tells us that Marco is ready to give up his life and commit a mortal sin to defend his honor, because what Eddie has done, the breaking of the "omerta'", the breaking of trust, is something that in his culture must never be left unpunished. Throughout the first act of the play, Marco is only referred as a flat character and the only time we are really aware his persona and his strength is at the end of the first act, when he lifts a chair over his head and makes it seem like a challenge to Eddie, as a response for mocking Rodolpho. But only in the second act his character is fully exposed and we see his image transform into a round character. In this play, Marco is

Some Animals Can Adapt or Mutate for Survival

Some Animals Can Adapt or Mutate for Survival An adaptation is a physical or behavioral characteristic that has developed to allow an organism to better survive in its environment. Adaptations are the result of evolution  and may occur when a gene mutates or changes by accident. That mutation causes the organism to better survive and reproduce, and it passes on that trait to its offspring. It can take many generations to develop an adaptation. Examples of Physical Adaptations One physical adaptation used in the intertidal zone is a crabs hard shell, which protects it from predators, drying out, and being crushed by waves. One example of behavioral adaptation in the oceans is the use of loud, low-frequency calls by fin whales to communicate with other whales over great distances. Other physical adaptations that have been structurally modified may include webbed feet, sharp  claws and large beaks. Other changes made to a part of the body could be wings/flying, feathers, fur, or scales. Ways Behavioral Changes Occur Behavioral adaptations include an animals actions, which typically are in response to an external stimulus. Several of these may include what an animal is capable of eating, how they move, or the way they protect themselves. Take squirrels as an example of a behavioral adaptation. Squirrels, woodchucks, and chipmunks are able to hibernate for up to 12 months, often consuming plenty of food in preparation for winter. In this scenario, these small animals have found a way to evolve in a season to protect themselves from harsh weather conditions, preserving food, and their environment. Interesting Animal Adaptations The maned wolf (pictured above) is part of the canid family but is only a distant relative. The theory says their legs evolved to survive the tall grasslands of South America.The gerenuk can stand taller above the rest of the antelope species, which offers them a special feeding opportunity. There are over ninety-one species of antelope, creating plenty of competition amongst them.The tufted deer from China has fangs hanging from their mouths that are typically used in mating fights between males. Most deer do not possess this unique adaptation. A True Advantage The ability for mammals to adapt throughout the planet is part of why we have so many diverse animals existing today in our lands, seas, and skies.  Animals can protect themselves from predators and adapt to new environments through adaptations and mutations, unlike human beings. For example, animals that are camouflaged often have colorations or patterns that can assist them in blending in with their surroundings. This will benefit them in the long run, quite literally, when it comes to predators. Mutations may also take place through a change in DNA. What a living mammal is born with may change how it grows and what it can do over time.  Through these possibilities can animals have a larger opportunity to survive their dangerous environments and continue the circle of life by having offspring. This is the process known as natural selection.

Movie review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Movie Review Example The film definitely has a message that the audience may anxiously want to know about. However, the film delivers this message in a hesitant manner and this is a major weakness in the film. The film skims some critical and interesting issues and fails to state them clearly. These issues are about cultural and religious tolerance and the significance of staying true to one’s personal dreams. The screenplay has little confidence to portray both topics in details (Anreacchio). It fails to offer a substantial weight on the philosophical musings of Gauguin on cultural and religious tolerance. When these issues finally come, the hardly allow for a strictly thoughtful impact. There are a number of flat supporting characters who required more polishing to offer a more appropriate support. However, I liked some aspects of the film that made it worth watching. I loved the way Kiefer Sutherland portrayed the character Gauguin; as strong protagonists can make a film worth watching, even the most awkward ones. The audience watches Gauguin resign from his job of stock broking to pursue a career in art, later realizing that nothing come easier. Therefore, he makes a decision of going to Tahiti to be inspired; this is quite evident because of the non-linear construction of the film. Gauguin’s two stories, his past life in Paris, and his present life in Tahiti are narrated simultaneously (Anreacchio). However, my criticism of Paradise Found is not going to be in this respect because I believe it was one of the biggest merits of the screen play. It managed to increase my curiosity and when I got to understand the structure of the film, I got more curious. More interesting was how Gauguin left his lucrative career to end up being an artist. No one may argue with the visual aspects of the film. It is undoubtedly splendid and manages to capture the topics in depth. The film also evokes the viewer’s emotions. The ever-increasing clash between Gauguin and his wife

Forrest Gumps and Michael Herrs Depictions of the Vietnam War Essay

Forrest Gumps and Michael Herrs Depictions of the Vietnam War - Essay Example Forrest Grump and Michael Herr depict the Vietnam War in more or less the same way although the former portrays the events more lightly. Michael Herr who was a writer in his twenties was a correspondent for the Esquire Magazine. The two major operations covered in the book are the siege of KheSahn and recapture of Hue that was the old capital of Vietnam. He happens to meet many soldiers and other correspondents in the process of gathering information about their experiences. Herr favors field work over tasks at Saigon that is relatively safer but the reality of the matter is that all Vietnam is unsafe. The enemy dominates the atmosphere with sounds of explosions and mortar attacks and bombs that go off all over the city (Knopf para. 1). The Vietnam War reaches the peak during the Tet offensive that started in January 30th, 1968 and from which it was named. A short time before Tet, the operation of seizing KheSahn begins on 21st January and ends in April 1968. Herr got to Khe Sahn by mode of a helicopter which is the primary transportation mode in the time of war. Here he encounters two marines with whom he shares a bunker. The two are Mayhew and Day Tripper along with others. The author gives a description of how the North Vietnamese Army besieges the base and digs ditches in preparation for a big operation. Everybody expects them to make a huge assault after they probe the fence regularly at night and marines shoot flares that are mortar-fired. The NVA, however, surprises by leaving the area quickly after the airstrikes take a bigger toll than anticipated (Knopf para. 2). Herr tells stories of the marines some of which are bizarre and others very touching. He portrays a deep sense of admiration for the troops that are fighting a dangerous war in a dangerous country. He also portrays the propaganda happening in the country but this time with less admiration.

Management papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management papers - Essay Example players in this fraud, the top management, preferred their own short-term fiscal profits and stakeholder deceit that destroyed not only their business, social and personal reputations and position. Being pressured by Enron’s senior management, Arthur Anderson and Vinson and Elkins aided it in its deceit. Thus the fundamental source of fraud was the neglect of organizational and individual integrity capacity. The top management boasted themselves as credible corporate citizens though swindling employees and investors, the executives of Enron were aware of such misconduct still they remained silent and supported the top management thus neglecting the process integrity capacity by neglecting moral awareness, moral deliberation, moral character as well as moral conduct (Petrick & Scherer 39). The Enron’s commitment to specific ethics theories, and deformed managerial judgments yielded poor outcomes in treating moral and behavioral complexity (Petrick and Quinn 4), thus neglecting the judgment integrity capacity. Moreover, the moral infrastructure at Enron lacked the system integrity capacity that’s why could not constrained the development of such a fraudulent, immoral and illegal activities. In order to avoid such frauds in future, the managerial legal duties scope should be enhanced to comprise the democratic participation of institutionalized stakeholder in corporate governance. All level employees and stakeholders should be made accountable for their immoral conduct. An ethical culture should be developed in the organization that is supported by all the member of organization. Such immoral acts should be firmly penalized at all levels and ensured that their reoccurrence is minimized. Employee survey should be taken periodically to ensure that such acts can be reported from all levels within the organization. Whistle blowers should be encouraged and

Influence of sales promotion on impulse purchase buying behaviour

Influence of sales promotion on impulse purchase buying behaviour Purpose The purpose of this dissertation is to find out the influence of sales promotion on impulse purchase buying behaviour. This research is focused on the grocery retailer Tesco. Design/Methodology/Approach The subject areas covered in this dissertation are consumer buying behaviour, sales promotions and impulse buying behaviour. Two hypotheses are developed for this research and they are interrelated. Three objectives are developed and they are used to prove these hypotheses. The secondary data is collected first to know what is said about this phenomenon. Primary data is collected in the form of qualitative and quantitative data. Two mini focus group interviews are conducted for qualitative data. Surveys are used to collect the quantitative data. The population of the survey consisted of 78 samples from the consumers of Tesco, Parnell Street. Information like demographics and shopping frequency are collected to know about the details of the consumers. The data collection also verifies sales promotional activities, impulse buying behaviour and the relation between them. Data is analysed using an online survey tool called Surveymonkey Findings- From this study, it has been understood that sales promotions have a major influence on the impulse purchasing behaviour of consumers. It has also been verified that price promotion is the most influencing factor of sales promotion, which drives consumers towards impulse purchase. Conclusions and recommendations at the end of this research will be useful for students who study consumer buying behaviour and for retailers to implement a strategy for sales promotion. Originality/Value: Previous researches that has been carried out about impulse purchase has been influence of culture, mood etc. The function of this research is to find the influence of sales promotion on impulse purchase, which is important especially during the current economic recession. Introduction: This section of the dissertation outlines the research topic the researcher chose to study as part of his Masters in Business Administration (International) in Dublin Business School. This section is divided into the following parts. Background of the research Suitability of the researcher and interest in subject Research Objectives and Hypotheses Approach to the dissertation Recipients of the research Organisation of the research Scope and limitations of the study Background of the research: Ones own personal shopping experiences verify that occasionally we go into a store with no planned purchases in mind. Usually, however we go into a store planning to buy one or more specific items. Sometimes we know that those planned items are offered at a sale price, sometimes they are at regular price, and sometimes a mixture of both. We usually have an idea how much it will cost and how many of them we plan to buy. However, once we are in the store, we sometimes buy all we planned to buy; sometimes we buy more than we planned to buy. This would have happened because of something that stimulated us inside the store. It could be because of various reasons like sales promotions or store atmospherics or uniqueness of the product. This study is based on the influence of sales promotions on unplanned purchases like this called impulse purchase. Consumers buying behaviour is based on the needs of the consumer. This goes down to the basic level of consumer needs developed by Maslow(1971). He suggested a hierarchy of needs from the most basic to the most civilised one. Physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness needs, esteem needs and self-actualisation needs. To satisfy the needs, consumer buys things and this study is on the consumer buying behaviour. The consumer buying behaviour goes through a five sequential steps that is explained in the literature review of this article. Practically, when a consumer feels the need for buying things, he/she goes for shopping. There are many types of shops available, but the retail shop is where consumers can buy the things that they need for daily life. The concept of retail shops are now changing with the evolution of large supermarkets. Retail shops are now becoming one-stop-shops called super markets, offering vast number of product categories and services ranging from fruits and vegetables, off-licence, bakery, butcher facilities and even pharmaceuticals. It is a common fact that the large grocery stores and super markets have an unfair advantage over small players, by using a low cost selling, which the small convenience stores struggle to match. The Irish grocery retail market has evolved with many changes over the last few years. Tesco is one of the main players that exist in Irish grocery retail market. Organisations have started changing the methods of their grocery business over the last decade. There are innovations coming in the market everyday to attract new consumers and to retain them for a long period. Sales promotion is a quick way to strengthen the sales of an organisation. According to Kotler(2003), sales promotion is a key ingredient in marketing campaign which consists of diverse collection of incentive tools, mostly short term, designed to stimulate quicker or greater purchase of a particular products or services by consumers or trade. It is one of the effective methods in creating savings to the regular grocery shoppers. For retailers, the sales promotion is an excellent opportunity to promote their products in bulk thereby increase profit margins and consumer loyalty. There are various sales promotion tools used by the retailers, price promotion being one of them. Price promotions help the consumers to buy their goods for a reduced price. There are various types of p romotions which are described in the literature. A phenomenon called impulse purchase is considered as different form of consumer buying action. Impulse purchasing is a phenomenon by which a consumer experiences a sudden and often persistent urge to buy something immediately (Rook, 1987). It is an enigma in the marketing world, which accounts for substantial volume of goods sold every year. It is said that 80 percent of all purchases in some particular goods categories is made through impulse purchase. Virvialite(2009) based on Kacen and Lee(2002).This is a widely used by the retailers as they attract the consumers to buy things impulsively. At the present market conditions, when market competition is high and all types of companies apply promotion in their activities, stimulation of impulse purchasing in the market of consumer goods may become a strong competitive advantage. We go through this phenomenon in our daily life, knowingly or unknowingly. It is the feeling that one cannot resist at that moment, which are affected many fa ctors. An example of this would be when we see an advertisement in the store where it says Half Price sale, Was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬3.99, Now à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1.99. The aim of this study is to study the influence of sales promotion on impulse purchase. This research determines if the consumers go for an impulse purchase, if there are sales promotions. There is also a second part to this research which determines if the price promotion is the most important factor in sales promotion that leads the consumer to impulse purchase. This study is an important one considering the current economic climate. In this recessionary period, consumers who are doing grocery shopping actually care for the price factor and look for goods that are value for money. This study establishes the relation between sales promotion and impulse purchase. 2. Suitability of the researcher and the interest in the subject: The researcher is an engineering graduate in Information Technology. The researcher has four years of work experience in I.T and business fields. Researcher has a family business back India, which deals with retail and wholesale trading of steel products. The researcher was taking care of business for one year before coming to Ireland and has an idea of what is happening in the real business world. The ultimate career goal is to take over the family business and expand it with more concentration on retail sector. This study on consumer buying behaviour will certainly help the researcher in achieving this goal. The researcher is currently working in the retail sector and has observed many consumers going for impulse purchase because of the sales promotions. The researcher himself has fallen into the trap of impulse purchase when doing the grocery shopping on many occasions. This has specifically happened after the researcher came to Ireland where there are more sales promotions than seen elsewhere. This curiosity of the researcher encouraged to do a research on the influence of sales promotion on impulse purchase. Organisation chosen for the research: This research is conducted in Tesco, one of the biggest grocery retailers in Ireland. Tesco was founded by Jack Cohenand in 1919 and developed its first super market in 1956. They have come a long way through and now is the fourth largest retailer in the world, measured by revenues and second largest measured by profits. Tesco has its base at The United Kingdom and is spread across 14 countries all over the world. The company started its operations in Ireland as Tesco Ireland in 1997. The theme Every Little Helps is very popular in Ireland. Tesco has almost all the services that is needed in our daily life, including groceries, bakery, clothing, and mobile network. The researcher chose Tesco for the research because of he considers it as the best place where the study of sales promotion and impulse purchasing can be done in the context of a grocery-shopping environment. The research takes place in Tesco, Parnell Street in Dublin, Ireland. 3. Research Topic: Influence of sales promotion on impulse purchasing behaviour in the context of a grocery store. The aim of this research is to find out the influence of sales promotional activities on impulse buying behaviour in the context of a grocery retail store. With this purpose, the research will be conducted in Tesco, Parnell Street, Dublin, Ireland. This research focuses on answering the following questions: 1. Do sales promotional activities in store have a major influence on consumers impulse buying behaviour? 2. Is price promotion the major factor in sales promotion, which drives the consumers towards impulse purchase? Objectives: In order to answer each of these questions, the researcher came out with the following objectives. To identify the sales promotional activities in the store To find out if consumers actually go for an impulse purchase and the most influencing factor that affects it To determine if price promotion is the most influencing factor of sales promotion and if consumer purchase low priced items during impulse buying To justify this research, and to obtain the answer for the research questions, certain assumptions were made initially. Two hypotheses were developed which needs to be proved or disapproved. Hypothesis: H1: Sales promotional activities in the store have a major influence on customers impulse buying behaviour H2: Price promotion is the most influencing factor of sales promotion, which drives consumers towards impulse purchase. Approach to the Dissertation: The objectives derived will be obtained systematically in the research. Firstly, the secondary research is conducted using relevant sources to understand the research problem area in depth. Various sources like journals, textbooks, magazines and websites will be used in accordance with academic regulations. Primary research is carried out next with the help of self-administered questionnaires and focus group interviews. The quantitative data obtained through questionnaires are then analysed with the help of appropriate statistical tool and the result will be drawn. The hypotheses will then be tested with the results obtained and will proved or disapproved. Conclusions will be made and recommendations will be proposed based on the results. Recipients of the research: There are five recipients of the research that is conducted as part of Masters in Business Administration (International) in Dublin Business School. They are as follows: Dublin Business School where this researcher is a full time student studying for his qualification Liverpool John Moores university, who provides the qualification which the student is studying for Mrs. Linda Moran, who is dissertation supervisor, who guided the author through research process to date Staff and management of Tesco Ireland Ltd, who gave the permission for the research to be conducted on them Anybody who has interest in marketing specifically consumer buying behaviour, sales promotion and impulse purchase Organisation of the Research: Chapter 1: Introduction This section of the dissertation introduces the background of the research, the suitability of the researcher and the interest in the topic.   This section also states the research objectives and hypotheses. Further, it gives a brief description about how the research is carried out. This section also mentions the recipients of the research and also about the scope and limitations of the research.   Chapter 2: Literature Review This section the researcher critically reviews the literature which provides the theoretical background to the study. In the first section, the consumer buying behaviour is described in general. Further, the researcher introduces the concept of impulse purchase. The next section explains the sales promotions and its different types. The final section describes the relation between sales promotion and impulse purchase. Chapter 3: Research Methodology This section describes the research methodology adopted for undertaking the research. This chapter begins with the research onion proposed by Saunders et al.(2007) and proceeds layer by layer beginning from research philosophy towards data analysis. The justification of population and sampling method used are also discussed later. Chapter 4: Data analysis and Findings. This section describes the findings from the data analysis with the help of focus groups and questionnaire. Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations. The section integrates the concepts of theories discussed in the literature review earlier and incorporates them with the data analysis and findings. The section concludes the research by providing justifications for proving or disapproving hypotheses. Recommendations are made and can be utilised by retailers and consumers for further studies. Chapter 6: Self Reflection on Own Learning and Performance. The section describes the researchers learning process and performance over the course of the International MBA programme. This section also describes the researchers development of various skills during the course. Chapter 7: Bibliography The section provides the list of various books, academic journals and websites that have been used in the dissertation. Harvard referencing system is used to reference the sources used. Chapter 8: Appendices Appendix includes the final questionnaire and project management Gantt chart. Major contributions of the study: Scope and Limitations of the research: The main limitation of this study is faced during the primary research. The sample size taken for this study is a small population and of consumers of Tesco, Parnell Street. The results and conclusions are based on a single store and cannot be used for generalisation. Another issue that the researcher faced while conducting the primary research is the biasing problem. The researcher has remained neutral to his best of the ability while conducting the focus group interviews and questionnaires. The study being cross sectional is only relevant for a particular period of the present research. Any future changes in consumers attitudes can alter the results of present research.

AMERICANS VIEWS Essay -- essays research papers

A stereotype is the creation of an unfair opinion or view; an individual will take the behavior of one person and state that all people belonging to that particular group behave in the same manner. Stereotyping encourages people to react and behave in a manner that is both judgmental and prejudiced. The perception of Arabs and the Islamic religion has created a system in which prejudices and stereotypes worked their way so thoroughly into literature, education, history, language, and social mores that they seem to govern the conflict as much as they are created by it, while newspapers and television news play a major role in the way we perceive Arabs and the Islamic religion. Movies, books, and sitcoms also play a major role in shaping these stereotypes. Popular films such as, "Villains," "Sheikhs," "Cameos," and "Cliffhangers," which portray Arabs as Public Enemy #1, brutal, heartless, uncivilized Natives bent on terrorizing civilized Western ers. These different types of things all have the ability to enlighten and enrich the lives of all the people they touch; however, they also have the ability to perpetuate and create stereotypes, as in the case of how Americans view Arabs. Television programs and the mass media do not examine the fact that the Islamic religion preaches equality and peace. A good example of media coverage in which presented the facts of an actual event in a prejudicial manner was the Oklahoma City bombing. In 1995...

Comparing Branagh and Olivier

The two movie versions of Shakespeare's Hamlet that are directed by Laurence Olivier and Kenneth Branagh have similarities and differences. The similarities include how Hamlet feels betrayed by his mother because of her sudden marriage after the death of his father. The differences include how Hamlet is portrayed as a character. Olivier uses the Hamlet's relationship with Gertrude and his soliloquy to portray Hamlet as confused, whereas Branagh uses the same dynamics to portray Hamlet as furious.Olivier presents Hamlet's relationship with Gertrude as more physical in order to ndicate Hamlet's confusion, while Branagh presents the relationship between Hamlet and his mother as less physical to reinforce his feelings of frustration. During the scene where Claudius and Gertrude are encouraging Hamlet to stay in Denmark, Gertrude freely touches Hamlet and kisses him on the mouth to console her grieving son (Olivier, 1948). During this scene, Hamlet is sitting at the edge of the table wear ing all black and is turned away from everyone. He is upset that his mother has remarried such a short time after his father's death.His tone of voice suggests that e is full of grief, devastated about the death of his father, and feeling betrayed by his mother. Even though he feels betrayed, Hamlet passively allows his mother to embrace and kiss him. Hamlet is confused, and has no sense of how to deal with his conflicting feelings. Branagh, however, presents the relationship between Hamlet and his mother without any physical contact between the two. During the same scene in Branagh's version, the queen smiles and encourages Hamlet to stay instead of returning to Wittenberg (Branagh, 1996). In comparison to Olivier's Hamlet,Branagh's Hamlet has a different tone of voice. His tone of voice is on the edge of tears. When Gertrude consoles Hamlet and urges him to stay in Denmark, he agrees to stay, but does not engage in any physical contact with his mother. He remains distant from his mother, both emotionally and physically. Unlike Olivier's Hamlet, Branagh's Hamlet shows that he is more bitter than Olivier's Hamlet about Gertrude's quick marriage. Thus, the directors' depictions of Hamlet's interaction with Gertrude in the two films reveal differing interpretations of Hamlet's response to feeling betrayed.The two film versions also use Hamlet's first soliloquy to depict their different interpretations of Hamlet's character. Olivier's Hamlet delivers his soliloquy in his thoughts to indicate his confusion, whereas Branagh's Hamlet delivers his soliloquy in spoken words to show his frustration after he learns that his mother has married Claudius. In the Olivier version of the play, Hamlet's first soliloquy is spoken in his head (Olivier, 1948). In this speech, he emphasizes that only a little amount of time has passed after his father's death and that Gertrude has remarried too quickly.He also emphasizes his confusion about Gertrude's marriage to Claudius, when Ge rtrude used to follow his father like Niobe. In Olivier's version of the soliloquy, Hamlet is grieving over his father's death, but he is more upset about his mother's quick marriage to Claudius, his tamer's brother. During his soliloquy, Hamlet says â€Å"trail thy name is woman† (Olivier, 1948) calling his mother weak-hearted for remarrying too quickly. In contrast to Olivier's Hamlet, Branagh's Hamlet speaks and yells to emphasize points in his soliloquy.He speaks of the same issues, but the tone of voice s different. He sounds exhausted, annoyed, and speaks as if he is about to start crying. However, when he mentions the point that frustrates him the most, his voice becomes significantly louder; when he yells â€Å"yet within a month! † (Branagh, 1996), emphasizing the short amount of time between the death and marriage, he reveals his bitterness. He feels betrayed and angry at the way Gertrude has moved on so quickly, rather than confused and sad, as he does in Ol ivier's film.Thus, although both Olivier's and Branagh's versions of Hamlet stress the same conflict about his other, Hamlet is characterized differently in each film. In both film versions of Hamlet, the protagonist faces the same conflict, but Olivier and Branagh take different approaches to portraying Hamlet. In Olivier's version, Hamlet's relationship with Gertrude is portrayed in a physical manner to stress Hamlet's passivity and feeling of confusion, whereas in Branagh's depiction, Hamlet's relationship with Gertrude reveals a less physical and more distant relationship in order to indicate his anger and frustration.Their soliloquies also distinguish the directors' two different ersions of Hamlet; Olivier's Hamlet delivers his speech in his thoughts, adopting a passive style to suggest Hamlet's confusion, while Branagh's Hamlet delivers his speech out loud to indicate his anger and frustration. These two different depictions of the main character reveal how critical the direct or's input is in creating a distinct interpretation of Shakespeare's plays.

5 Reasons Teaching Might Not Be For You

5 Reasons Teaching Might Not Be For You Teaching can be immensely fulfilling work. The idea of shaping young minds and guiding kids toward their own futures (not to mention having summers off) leads a lot of people into the teaching field. However, not everyone is cut out for this kind of work. The last thing you want is to discover that you aren’t up to the task while standing in front of a class your first day on the job. It’s best to decide whether or not you’re teacher material before even pursuing a degree in education. Here are 5 issues that may make you decide that teaching is not for you.1. You’re not adaptable.One plus one will always equal two. The alphabet will always start with A and end with Z. World War II will always begin in 1939. The information you teach may never change, but the way you teach it certainly will. Perhaps your particular administration will demand you rewrite that lesson plan you submitted or the school’s curriculum has changed. Perhaps what works for a cl ass of well-behaved students will not work for an unruly one. A teacher must be able to adapt to any number of predictable and unpredictable situations. If you don’t think you’re sufficiently flexible, then teaching probably isn’t for you.2. You don’t like homework.Your students won’t be the only ones who’ll have tons of homework. A teacher’s workday rarely ends at the sound of the bell. There will be papers and tests to grade and lesson plans to prepare. Excited to have your summers off? Well, don’t get too excited, because your summers will be spent doing professional development work and getting ready for the next school year.3. You are not 100% comfortable with kids.As they say, kids can be cruel. And they don’t just pick on each other. Students may have it in for their teachers as well, and the monkey-see-monkey-do nature of the classroom may lead good kids to mimic the behavior of the bad ones. Before you know it, your class is out of control and it’s your job to rein it in. Some people have an innate ability to do this. They are natural-born teachers. However, if the thought of playing zookeeper to a room full of squealing, nasty (and perhaps even insulting) young people sounds terrible to you, you may want to choose another career path.4. You want to get rich.Do you want to make loads of money? Well, you aren’t going to get rich as a teacher. The average starting salary of a teacher in the U.S. is just $36,000, and teachers can spend hundreds of out-of-pocket dollars on class supplies. That isn’t to say that the job is not rewarding in countless other ways, or that the worth of a job is measured by the amount of a paycheck, but if making bank is your ultimate goal you’ll unfortunately have to look elsewhere.5. You can’t deal with parents.Maybe you love the kids†¦ but the parents? Not so much. This can be a real problem, since a teacher’s job of ten involves managing parents. When it comes to their children’s educations, parents can get pretty emotional or downright out of control. You might have a mom yelling at you or a dad breaking down in tears. Upping the â€Å"ick factor,† a parent might even hit on you. Such situations are tricky to navigate, and you never want to blame the student for a parent’s inappropriate behavior. If you become a teacher because you think kids are a dream and adults are a nightmare, you might be in for an unpleasant surprise when you have to deal with both on a regular basis.

Title Essays - Fiction, Literature, Allegory, Lord Of The Flies

Title Essays - Fiction, Literature, Allegory, Lord Of The Flies Title We as humans never want to see ourselves as the problem, we are constantly putting the blame on someone else. In the book The Lord Of the Flies, the boys are looking for a monster or a beast. They, while searching for the beast, become the monster themselves. Golding shows human inability to except responsibility of their evil. As the boys blame their inhuman actions on the beast rather than to accept the evil within. In the beginning of the book Simon and Piggy suggest that maybe they, the boys, are the beasts," Maybe there is a beast [] maybe it's only us." (Golding) As the suggestions are made, they are laughed off by the other boys. This is the first time the boys were unable to except even the thought of the evil within. Their inability to except what they are now becoming leads to their failure to believe what they later become. Simon talking to the Lord of the Flies is a turning point for him, because he realizes that the beast is only them and it wasn't something they could hunt down and kill," Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill! You knew, didn't you? I'm part of you?" (Golding) He later becomes not only afraid of himself, but of the other boys. Throughout the book the boys demonstrate inhuman actions, each time blaming it on the beast. Actions soon becoming increasingly worse soon lead up to the death of Simon. The boys fear of themselves ultimately lead to loss of their innocence and the beginning of a monster.

Haven't decided Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Haven't decided - Essay Example Next, it explains the reason why the state of nature leads to war. Moreover, it defines the first, second, and third laws of nature and their interrelationships. Finally, it asserts that the role of coercive power allows people to obey the laws of nature. A law of nature refers to a general law that comes from human reason, wherein people are restricted from acting destructively against life, or from removing the means to protect life, and, at the same time, this law requires people to pursue self-preservation (Hobbes 80). This view of the law of nature indicates that reason follows the basic instinct for the preservation of human life above all, most especially, one’s life before others. Hobbes knows that people find it reasonable to want to protect their life; hence, it refers to a law of nature. The fundamental interest of people is to protect their life, although the means to attaining it can vary. Following this reason in the state of nature inevitably leads to war because of the perceived belief that people have a right to defend themselves or to attack others for the goal of promoting their personal interests. Hobbes believes that people, by nature, are competitive and selfish. For instance, a king who has a piece of la nd may naturally want to expand it to improve his wealth and power. As a result, he will go to war with another king or any other people or group who possess land. The law of nature compels him to go to war. Nevertheless, the same law of nature suggests that people can also value their self-preservation by agreeing on peace, which also protects their lives and allows them freedom to pursue other rights. A king who does not want war may say to another king who desires war that he is willing to yield power to the latter. In this case, the former king uses reason to preserve his right to life without necessarily resorting to

Proposal GM aquiring Ford Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

GM aquiring Ford - Thesis Proposal Example This will reduce the risks and uncertainties that have been facing the organization (Sherman, 2010). Acquisition of Ford will involve acquiring all machinery, human resource and premises etc. acquiring the human resource will play a great role in incorporating new ideas to the organization an aspect that will help the company face different challenges that are being experienced in the market. In addition, the company will benefit with a new culture thereby change the old existing culture of dependence on leaders to come up with new ideas (Sherman, 2010). Acquisition of Ford will expand the source of revenue. The two companies will expand the level of production an aspect that will help the company position itself strategically in the market. In addition, the company will have enough personnel to distribute and maintain a close relationship with the customer. Lastly, acquisition of the new company will diversify the market. This move will play a great role for the company to segment the market by using different products according to customer needs and requirements (Sherman,

Research for nursing practice - Pre operative fasting Literature review

Research for nursing practice - Pre operative fasting - Literature review Example The pathophysiological basis of the aspiration pneumonia was the aspiration of acidic stomach contents into the lungs and the consequent harmful damage to the lung tissues known as chemical pneumonia. As the years went by, the innovative techniques of anaesthesia including the endotracheal intubation led to rethinking on the duration of fasting times. Frequent discussion and research led to the Guidelines from the Royal College of Anaesthetists, the Royal College of Nurses and the Anaesthetists of the US: they stipulated specific periods for fasting for worldwide use (AAGBI, 2001; RCN, 2005; ASA Practice guidelines, 1999). The guidelines sanctioned the shortening of the pre-operative fasting durations but the message was not taken in the right spirit by the nurses and the patients did not enjoy the benefit. The nurses were the ones who instructed the patients about the fasting. Promotion of evidence-based fasting times was to be enforced by them (Crenshaw, 2008). They also had to mon itor the patient’s compliance. The scientific evidence related to the liberalized fasting times were to be initially understood by the nurses themselves before efficacious implementation. Research indicated many fallacies in the system whereby fasting practices were still not conforming to the guidelines. Medication instructions also were not accurately transferred to patients (Crenshaw, 2008). Recent researches were moving away from the strict fasting regimen to a partial fasting method whereby a carbohydrate drink or oral carbohydrate nutrients were administered to improve the outcomes of surgery. The nurses were the ones who actually conveyed the right information about the fasting to the patients. The role of the nurses also involved the promoting of evidenced-based guidelines apart from monitoring the patients to check for compliance and untoward effects (Crenshaw and Winslow, 2006).This paper will be written with the intention of unearthing evidence suitable to provide more alterations in the implementation of pre-operative fasting or partial fasting to conform to the evidence-based guidelines. The aim of this research will be to search for methods that could ensure that the elective surgery patients had the benefit of shorter pre-operative fasting times as per guidelines and the improved outcomes of having the pre-carbohydrate drink and how the nurses were to be encouraged to conscientiously perform their work where the pre-operative fasting was concerned. Review of RCTs Brady et al (2003) studied 22 randomised control trials or quasi RCTs. Healthy patients were included as the controls. Permitted intake of food was a small breakfast in the morning before surgery posted for the afternoon. Liquid intake was limited to not more than 30 ml. to help swallow medicine. Methodological quality was maintained by the randomisation method. â€Å"Allocation concealment, blinding, a prior sample size calculation, and whether analysis was by intention to trea t† were additional methods of maintaining quality (Brady et al, 2003). Regurgitation and aspiration were complications just after the surgery and death was a possibility in many trials. The review of the research articles revealed some limitations. The RCTs were mostly small sampled trials with less than 100 patients. The quality of methodology was inadequate in some trials. The variety in the populations too was minimal and the samples were

The short story Two Kinds Essay Example for Free

The short story Two Kinds Essay Analysis: The short story, Two Kinds,ï ¿ ½ displays the relationship between a Chinese mother and a disobedient Americanized daughter. Jing-mei, a second-generation Chinese daughter, deals with her own internal conflict as well as an external conflict with her mother. The internal effort to find her true self is a lesson Jing-mei will have to discover, as she gets older. Being born of Chinese heritage, Jing-mei struggles with the burden of failing to meet her mothers expectations. She was never sure what she wanted to become. Throughout the story, Amy Tan represents the theme that parents cannot control their children, but can only guide them. Amy Tans Two Kinds first two paragraphs provides information about the mother’s beliefs. There are at least two things: (1) the voice of a narrator who does not quite share her mother’s opinion, and (2) a comic tone. When someone says, â€Å"My mother believed,† there is sure to be some difference between the speaker and the reported belief. The belief is further distanced by the fivefold repetition of â€Å"You could.† The comedy—perhaps better characterized as mild humor—is evident in the naivete or simplicity of ambitions: open a business, work for a company, retire, buy a house, become famous. Many people may feel superior (as the daughter herself does) to this mother, who apparently thinks that in America money and fame and even genius are readily available to all who apply themselves—but many people may also wish that their mother was as enthusiastic. The second paragraph adds a sort of comic topper. After all, when the mother says, in the first paragraph, â€Å"you could be anything you wanted to be in America,† the ambitions that she specifies are not impossible, but when in the second paragraph she says, â€Å"you can be prodigy too,† and â€Å"you can be best anything,† we realize that we are listening to an obsessed parent, a woman ferociously possessive of her daughter. Obsessions, of course, can be the stuff of tragedy—Macbeth, Brutus, and so forth—but obsessions are also the stuff of comedy. The third paragraph, with its references to the terrible losses in China, darkens the tone, but the fourth restores the comedy, with its vision of â€Å"a Chinese Shirley Temple.†Ã‚  The fifth paragraph is perhaps the most obviously funny so far. When Shirley Temple cries, the narrator’s mother says to her daughter: â€Å"You already know how. Don’t need talent for crying!† People—accustomed to thinking that everything in a textbook is deadly serious—easily miss the humor. They will definitely grasp the absurdity of the thought that â€Å"Nairobi† might be one way of pronouncing Helsinki, but they may miss the delightful comedy of Auntie Lindo pretending that Waverly’s abundant chess trophies are a nuisance (â€Å"all day I have no time to do nothing but dust off her winnings†), and even a deaf piano teacher may not strike them as comic. The story is comic (for example, in the mother’s single-mindedness, and in the daughter’s absurd hope that the recital may be going all right, even though she is hitting all the wrong notes) but is also serious (the conflict between the mother and the daughter, the mother’s passionate love, the daughter’s rebelliousness, and the daughter’s later recognition that her mother loved her deeply). It is serious, too, in the way it shows us (especially in the passage about the â€Å"old Chinese silk dresses†) the narrator’s deepening perception of her Chinese heritage. Humor and seriousness can be found in all types of family situations between parents and children.

Employment Discrimination Essay -- Race Racism Prejudice

Employment Discrimination Discrimination is a very hard barrier to break. To discriminate means to "distinguish between one another; to make a difference in treatment or favor on the basis other then individual merit." Everyone at some point in their life experiences some form of discrimination that might be on the basis of their race, religion, age, or sex. Discrimination can be examined from many different angles. Because of this, I have decided to discuss one type of discrimination, which is employment discrimination. Throughout this paper I will attempt to answer several questions. Such questions are what is employment discrimination and whom does it effect? What could one do if find that they are a victim of discrimination? After answering these questions I will incorporate my own experience on this topic. Employment discrimination occurs when an employee or a group of employees are treated unfairly as compared to others because of their race, age, sex, religion, etc. Employment discrimination usually effects those who are considered the minority. If a company is found guilty of employment discrimination they can be find several hundreds of thousands of dollars. There are 2 forms of unfair treatment that one could experience in his/her workplace. The first form of treatment is done with intent. An example of this form of treatment would be if fellow employees or the employer makes up jokes or slurs about others, which would cause the other party to feel uncomfortable and unwanted in the workplace. The second form of unfair treatment is done a little different. This treatment is done in a sly and tricky way. For example, the employer would assign certain employees jobs that are out of the ordina... ...and asked about the job positions, they were told that they were only looking for a night crew for maintenance. When a black or hispanic person asked about the job positions they were told a different story. They were told that many different positions were open. My friend even over heard a conversation between the 2 people who were doing the hiring, stating that they positions that were open were to only be given to the black or hispanic people. When I heard this I was disgusted. I was upset that I didn't get the job because of my color. As you can see, discrimination is alive and going strong. It is not something that is very easy to solve. It is said that people are prejudged because of their color, age, religion, etc. People should be judged from within not from the outside. It's like that famous saying, "You shouldn't judge a book by its cover."

The Modern Women Essay -- Gender Roles, Blaxploitation

Common misrepresentations of women are said to be that they are weak and inferior to men in which American society continuously place women in these roles within domestic, political, economic, and social settings. The public rarely pays tribute to the feminine heroine because she is unrecognized and unseen in American culture. However, during the 1960s to 1970s, African-American female representation has changed the way we define femininity and the modern woman through the genre known as Blaxploitation. Blaxploitation was a genre created for the black and urban audiences which highlighted black unity and empowerment. With this, the â€Å"ideal† black woman has changed. Through the workings of Edward Guerrero, Eithne Quinn, and Yvonne Sims, I am going to explain the key origins and definitions of Blaxploitation in which Guerrero takes a socioeconomic standpoint and Quinn and Sims value a more social view. With Quinn’s and Sims’s point-of-views, I will argue that B laxploitation have altered the ideas of African-American female representation in which characters like Foxy Brown have assumed masculine traits, thus, making her a stronger female. Lastly, I will discuss what Guerrero is missing in relation to the black female representation compared the real world. According to Edward Guerrero, the origins of Blaxploitation occurred during the Civil Rights Movement as a film strategy for the deteriorating film industry. During 1960, profits from the box office decreased from $60 million to $15 million; however, in 1967, one-third of the black population added to the box office gross and Hollywood used this fact towards making a profit .The large African-American population within the movie industry was due to their desire to spectate black... ...tion and is only limited to his socioeconomic argument. Although authors like Guerrero, Quinn, and Sims have different observations of their origins and definitions of Blaxploitation, they can all agree the notion of how it was popular among African-American audiences. Guerrero argues that Blaxploitation was a mockery of Black Nationalism and was created for the sole-purpose of profit of Hollywood. Also, Quinn believes that Blaxploitation was created after the Civil Rights movement to highlight individualism and needs of the powerful black male in which these traits portrays the male as violent and sexual; and lastly, Sims adheres to the idea that female characters later embodied these traits to illustrate the important of women in film. Unlike Quinn and Sims, Guerrero does not see the important of the gender dynamics of the black heroine within Blaxploitation. The Modern Women Essay -- Gender Roles, Blaxploitation Common misrepresentations of women are said to be that they are weak and inferior to men in which American society continuously place women in these roles within domestic, political, economic, and social settings. The public rarely pays tribute to the feminine heroine because she is unrecognized and unseen in American culture. However, during the 1960s to 1970s, African-American female representation has changed the way we define femininity and the modern woman through the genre known as Blaxploitation. Blaxploitation was a genre created for the black and urban audiences which highlighted black unity and empowerment. With this, the â€Å"ideal† black woman has changed. Through the workings of Edward Guerrero, Eithne Quinn, and Yvonne Sims, I am going to explain the key origins and definitions of Blaxploitation in which Guerrero takes a socioeconomic standpoint and Quinn and Sims value a more social view. With Quinn’s and Sims’s point-of-views, I will argue that B laxploitation have altered the ideas of African-American female representation in which characters like Foxy Brown have assumed masculine traits, thus, making her a stronger female. Lastly, I will discuss what Guerrero is missing in relation to the black female representation compared the real world. According to Edward Guerrero, the origins of Blaxploitation occurred during the Civil Rights Movement as a film strategy for the deteriorating film industry. During 1960, profits from the box office decreased from $60 million to $15 million; however, in 1967, one-third of the black population added to the box office gross and Hollywood used this fact towards making a profit .The large African-American population within the movie industry was due to their desire to spectate black... ...tion and is only limited to his socioeconomic argument. Although authors like Guerrero, Quinn, and Sims have different observations of their origins and definitions of Blaxploitation, they can all agree the notion of how it was popular among African-American audiences. Guerrero argues that Blaxploitation was a mockery of Black Nationalism and was created for the sole-purpose of profit of Hollywood. Also, Quinn believes that Blaxploitation was created after the Civil Rights movement to highlight individualism and needs of the powerful black male in which these traits portrays the male as violent and sexual; and lastly, Sims adheres to the idea that female characters later embodied these traits to illustrate the important of women in film. Unlike Quinn and Sims, Guerrero does not see the important of the gender dynamics of the black heroine within Blaxploitation.

Abstract for Choices, Values, and Frame Essay

Reading 2.2 Kahneman,D and Tvesky, A. (1984), ‘ Choices, values, and frames’. Ameriacn Psychologist, 39 (4) Abstract This article discuss when consumers feel a certain price which is bringing the â€Å"loss† rather than the â€Å"income†, they are more sensitive to price. Consumers are feeling a certain price more cost-effective manner and the other a less cost-effective. They will accord the cognitive psychological evaluation to exhibit a completely different personal attitude and decision making. Economic decision making theory has always been that people are fundamentally rational animal. However, human beings have irrational features in many aspects. One of the most attract somebody’s attention example is calling the â€Å"framing effect† In this effect, the positive or negative way to make a decision has had a dramatic effect on subsequent choice. The researchers found that integration from the decision system of emotional preference were potential causes of framing effect. With the potential risk benefit choices need to pay the cognitive effort than defined benefit choice; however, determining the damaged choice and risk selection potential damage to pay cognitive effort is the same. There are two fundamental analyze principles for rational choice theory: dominance and invariance. Dominance can be defined that project A in the worst case is better than project B, project A should be accept. Invariance requires that human describe selectivity problem for the same thing that will draw the common preference. Framing effect can be divide two types: positive and negative. The positive frame shows risk-averse preference for gains. On the other hand, the negative frame shows risk- seeking preference for losses. In addition, in mental accounting, money can be attributed to the different types of account which cannot replace each other. People are always divide outcomes into different mental accountings and use decision value and experience value, in order to evaluate the results whether can be accepted. EXAMPLE To discuss the cognitive psychology effects our daily life, I will give a  example of rent or buy a house in Sydney. If we want rent a house or apartment in Sydney which have two bedrooms, a living room and 2 bathrooms, according to my experience, we need to pay 600-800 dollar each week. Most of us may not feel pressure to rent an apartment for one or two years. If we spend 20000 or 30000 as down payment which is use for purchase an apartment. I think we could be hesitating. We analyze that purchase a apartment is better than rent in order to live one or two years in some place. We are willing spend less to live although we make sure loss 600-800 each week. However, it leads to a value of experience, and this experience value effect our decision. Finally, we would rather to rent an apartment although we know it not a rational investment. Reading 8.3 Abstract This article point out that the exercise of power in the process of development and implementation of organizational information systems are very expensive and time consuming. Accordingly, the theory of ‘sociology of translation’ provides corresponding solutions for the organization. According to the theory, there are two important features in the problemastisation. Firstly, actor or group should more specific in a general problem to find a mental to solving. Secondly, actors should be defined identities in a plan that will use their skill and experience precisely. The author point out an example that senior manager enjoy the IT program and analyze it to use reducing cost as a new tool. In addition, most of the consultants believe that organizations should make clear position, future goals and behavior before implement IT strategy. Meanwhile, consultants also believed that IT system is great significance strategy for organizations lead to successful. For another example, IT consultants try them best to make sure problematisation steady. The successive problematisations build an exercise of power and prevent other alternative problematisations from getting onto the agenda of the project team. In conclusion, the author solves the problems in the information technology process in the theory of concepts. Consultants adopted the theory of  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsociology of translation’ to solve organizations’ problem. Discuss the nature of the relationship between external management consultants and customer or user groups. The author considers the other resource management role and differential access to its knowledge and skills, such as an important exercise of power relations. Example ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning): Enterprise resource planning system is basing on information technology. The use of information technology implementation of enterprise supply chain management, in order to realize scientific management of each link in the supply chain. ERP integrates information technology and advanced management ideas become the modern enterprise mode which reflecting the era of enterprise reasonable allocation of resources. It maximizes the creation of social wealth and become the cornerstone of corporate survival. In the company, the general management mainly includes three aspects: production control (planning, manufacturing, logistics (distribution), procurement, inventory management) and financial management (accounting, financial management); three systems are integrating and the importance of human resources constitutes the primary module of ERP system. The ERP system of business each module refinement, split, forming a relatively independent software syst em and the seamless connection, so that the enterprises of different scales can be freely combined according to need and make enterprise resource optimization configuration. Reading 1.3 Abstract The author claims a general make a strategic relate to several aspects. This article points out that your teammates or colleagues making decision will affect on yourself. Namely, the title of this article: â€Å"looking up and looking around†. Firstly, â€Å"looking up† is a basic human nature in any situation. In other words, when you meet a more experience and knowledge person (such as your manager and your boss) make a strategic, and then making decision follow how he/she would act. Secondly, ‘looking around’ is one of your opinions. When you work with your teammates or colleagues, you will find out how they deal with problems and what they make decisions. Then  you will follow their opinions to deal with yourself problems. The author also points out that â€Å"decision- making paralysis† always effect on everyone no matter you are middle manage or even the top manager and CEO. When face with a problem, human minds always goes blank. They want to find a solution to solve the problem. If not, they will look for someone to take the burden. On the other hand, they will afraid to make decision in any situation because they don’t want the decision bring fail. Most of managers suffer from anxiety that colleagues will find out their incapability. There is important problem that makes a rational strategic not only managers’ duty, it also relate to company’s structure and the project. Manager always are demanded to make a decision quickly which based on information transmits from primary levels. However, the information not particularly correct that leads to some wrong decisions in that situation. Obviously, the manager who makes the wrong decision in a organization should take the bl ame and be fired. This situation always happens in many companies. The author claims that a outstanding managers should have a rational analyze and quick thinking abilities. Example In my experience, when I worked at an international land sales company, my manager receives a project to help a China company find an office. Our team receive the order which needs a 300㎠¡ work place in shanghai CBD. Firstly, we should make a research to find out whether a suitable square. Our manager makes a decision to ask some building manager which is located in shanghai CBD. Finally, we find a suitable place for the China Company. However, when we check require with the company, our assistant told us we get wrong squares that is 400 ㎠¡. So our manager has to afresh contact to the building list. Fortunately, we found a 90 ㎠¡ near the former one. Our manager decides to connect the two work place to reach 400㎠¡. We successfully completed out task on time.

buy custom History of Journalism essay

buy custom History of Journalism essay Journalism is a wide practice that involves investigation of issues, actions, and events to the audience. The audience is made aware of the situation at hand thus widening its understanding of societal matters. Journalism is a practice that has evolved through the years globally. Various writers have had different views with regard to the history of journalism. For instance, Rodger Streitmatter summarizes all the events relating to journalism as life changing events, which expand and change a persons perspective. Rodger summarizes all the events as human changing and decision transforming. In addition, he believes that the coverage of such events by journalists is what enables people to learn from their mistakes hence change their perspectives. America has had many occurrences from the past. The history is related to the development of journalism in the country. One of the crucial events was the revolution that took place in the 1760s. Journalism grew by passing vital information to the domain of the public. People were enlightened on matters relating to the great revolution in America that actually transformed the lives of many (Streitmatter,15). History has been instrumental in the development of journalism from time immemorial. Rodger Streitmatter observes that journalism does not only record such historical events, but also shapes them. He established a closer link between history and journalism. Journalism facilitated the recording of historical events in a chronological manner thus helping change peoples perspectives toward different issues (Streitmatter, 18). Concerning this matter, he held that journalism transforms history by only changing peoples perspectives in relation to various national issues. The attainment of the 1776 independence in the USA was because of journalism. The various recordings and new spreading among citizens was a vital contribution to the final attainment of the most coveted independence. Through journalism, the brutal occurrences in 1768 and 1769 were made public and American citizens at that time were made aware of the atrocities committed by the British colonialists. The 1770 Boston killings were openly talked about and reported in the journalistic media at that time. In the book, Mightier than the Sword, Rodger Streitmatter asserts that the recordings were vital because they shape the American history. He describes how the colonial government was overtaxing the citizens and how the publication of journals was made to address these issues. In his description of the history relating to independence, he maintains the view that journalism was vital as it contributed to the freedom of the people. He says that the numerous recordings and open speech on the suffering that colonialists imposed on people were vital in opening up the minds of citizens thus the agitation for independence. He sticks to the view that, despite a new nation arising, journalism grew by giving people their required freedom in their own country. In the description of slavery, he still holds the same view. Journalism widely gave individuals an opportunity to condemn this evil practice. He claims that writing against slavery led to the growth of journalism and helped in the change of attitudes solely. Several other writers agree with Rodger Steitmatter on matters relating to history and journalism. For instance, Anna H. Perrault and Ron Blazek intimate that the revolution in the 1760s substantially contributed to the change in attitudes and perspectives of people relating to various matters. They approach the matter in the same way Steitmatter does, and it is because the revolution contributed significantly to the American History (Perrault and Blazek, 102). In addition, Perrault and Blazek take the same position as Rodger Streitmatter by holding the view that the continuous recordings and direct talking about the sufferings people were undergoing were enough to enlighten the masses and make them realize they had to take an ac tion in order to be on the safe side. Perrault and Blazek claim that journalism shaped the history of America in 1776 during the independence from Britain. They take the same position as Steimatter by claiming that history changed the peoples perspective towards the brutal colonial masters by agitating for independence especially after the Boston killings of 1770 were announced through various recordings and direct talking. History and journalism form a single unit as they support each other. Journalism helps keep an account of the past events hence enabling people to know of the past to better their present (Perrault and Blazek,120). They also change their perspectives and transform into positive beings from the events learned from journalistic materials. On the other hand, other writers perceive this take on history and journalism as being correct to some extent but too shallow. They claim that journalism has not only enlightened people but has done more. For instance, Jane L Chapman and Nick Nuttal are at variance with the single assertion from Steitmatter. They claim that journalism has promoted to the birth of a new world, has promoted education and has enhanced accountability. They take to a wider perspective of journalism. Although they agree with the part that journalism changes peoples perspective, they claim that the process of change has not been stated. They also claim that mere recordings or utterance cannot change an individuals mindset. Chapman and Nuttall assert that journalism and history come hand in hand in the creation of a new world and promotion accountability. For instance, on the matter of the American Revolution, they claim that journalism grew and came up to create a new world (Chapman and Nuttall, 100). The r evolution taught people lessons thus enabling them form into a new world. In addition, they claim that the revolution in itself was life changing and journalism was the educative tool towards the creation of a new world. The two also put forward a different argument on the matter relating to the American independence in 1776. They assert that journalism recorded these events in a logical manner that was vital for everyones understandability. Their argument further is that journalism opened up a learning opportunity for individuals and braced them for the coming dangers. They claim that it did not only change their perspectives, but it educated them to understand the matter at hand better. The Boston killings in 1770 were educative of the atrocities committed by colonialists who led the country with so much brutality (Chapman and Nuttall,122). These reports helpedd educate citizens hence create a new country rather than journalism just developing to change their perspectives. They believe that the change of perspectives is an inadequate term to use in describing the relationship between history and journalism. They seek a deeper analysis of journalism and its relationship to the revolution and indepen dence that helped built a new country where everyone is free and able to express his views in a clear manner. Others against this sole relationship between journalism and history are William David Siloan and Lisa Mullikin Parcell. They incorporate other view in the topic history and journalism. They find the description change of peoples perspectives as being inadequate and thus not a full explanation of the view. They come up with their views relating history and growth of journalism to matters such as ethics, and sensitivity within the society. On the matter relating to the history of the US revolution, they emphasize that journalism helped shape up the ethical behavior of leaders. This is because of the fact that there were consistent recordings that demanded transparency and accountability from the new leaders (Sloan and Parcell, 105). The change of perspectives alone could not have helped achieve this accountability and true leadership. They also claim that the historical aspect that was addressed through publications and free speech by journalists enabled individuals to believe that al l was possible as they could achieve anything. With regards to independence, they claim that journalism did not only change peoples perspectives, but it enabled them to have the urge for better things in the future (Sloan and Parcell, 115). Citizens learnt that ethics and sensible conduct in the society are what wins favor. This is because they still emerged victorious in the war for independence against Britain in 1776 despite the damage by colonial masters. Journalism has thus developed through historical occurrences by encouraging individuals on better means of dealing with situations at hand. Berry supports the view that journalism has indeed grown from the historical events and holds and educative role to date (Berry, 100). In conclusion, history and journalism in America have complemented each other from time immemorial. Journalism has grown due to various historical occurrences in the US. Rodger Streitmatter has linked history and journalism in his book to explain that journalism helps change peoples perspectives to achieve better living. The sweeping historical transformations that led to the strengthening of journalism in America included slavery, the American Revolution and independence in 1776. Various authors have supported Streitmatter that journalism has only changed the perspectives of individuals in relation to these historical events. They hold the view that journalism has grown through the historical happenings by informing individuals on matters such as ethics, accountability and sensitivity. Journalism has indeed grown over the years through and the independence of journalists has improved through fairer reporting. The recordings made through journalism helped in awakening leaders to achi eve the required levels of accountability and quality leadership by reading peoples feelings as expressed through journalistic articles. Buy custom History of Journalism essay